X Marks the Scot - An on-line community of kilt wearers.
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13th July 06, 12:34 PM
#1
the word "claymore"
I just wanted to offer this as a bit of information for those who are interested in the appropriate terminology for scottish swords. I tried to search and see if this has been discussed yet but could not find anything.
The bulk of my words are gathered from historian Claude Blair and the research of Paul Wagner & Christopher Thompson who have a fantastic article on this topic in a book called SPADA II (http://www.revival.us/index.asp?Page...ROD&ProdID=251)
There seems to be evidence of both the two handed sword and the basket hilt being referred to as “claymore”. Many know that the word ‘claymore’ is an anglicized version of the Gaelic word claidheamh-mor which translates to ‘great sword’. The first instance we see a written usage of the English word ‘claymore’ is after the beginning of the 1715 rising—and coming into much wider use during the ’45. During this time, two handed swords were not used so it had to be referring to the basket-hilt sword. The aforementioned document states that men were armed with rifles, pistols, dirk, targe (shield) and “a sturdy claymore by his side”. Anyone who has seen a correctly proportioned Scottish two handed sword knows that it would be very awkward to carry that large of a sword at your side. (These swords generally are between 4 ˝ to 5 ˝ feet long.)
There is a later document (July 11th, 1747) describing the Prince’s escape through the Highlands following Culloden that uses the term ‘broadsword’ and ‘claymore’ synonymously. Again, it is obvious that the swords in use at this time are the basket hit variety.
The correct Gaelic word for the large, two handed weapon is “claidheamh da laimh”. This word is only seen in reference to the two handed weapon. A document from 1772 tells of a man seeing a “Cly-more (sic.) or great-two handed sword”. This man was a stranger to the Highlands and is possible he reported the name inaccurately. There is another journal from 1773 that definitely describes a two handed sword as a “Glaymore (sic.)”. It is interesting to note that earlier documents (pre-1750) make a distinction between swords and two-handed (or twa’ handit) swords. It wasn’t until later documents (and often times written by Englishmen) that we see ‘claymore’ being used to describe a two-handed weapon.
Even then, during the end of the 18th century and into the dawn of the 19th when we have the incorporation of Scottish regiments into the British military we see them using the same word ‘claymore’ to describe basket hilt broadswords issued to officers. So it seems that somewhere through the years and translation from Gaelic to English that the term was blurred into use for both weapons. So where does that leave us? In my opinion the most correct terms would be using the Gaelic word ‘claidheamh da laimh’ for the two handed variety (or just 'Scottish two hander) and the anglicized word ‘claymore’ for the basket hilt variety.
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