What Father Bill says is excellent. Also going back (far enough), families renting from landowners, possibly even indirectly,* would "generally" owe allegiance to the who they rented from, regardless of what their name in English might be.** So there might be Burnetts, Clarks, MacPhails, MacGregors, and (heavens!) Macdonalds who directly or indirectly rent from the chief of the Campbells (whatever his aristocratic rank at the time). So they would owe allegiance to Argyll.
*Estate land might be broken out in chunks to "chieftains", who then rented out to crofters. Maybe more than one level. It gets complicated.
** Most people went by a family nickname anyway. Their English name might be in church records, but in no way related to the nickname. It gets complicated.
"There is no merit in being wet and/or cold and sartorial elegance take second place to common sense." Jock Scot
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