I've seen some old pictures and even drawings of Cossacks wearing some kind of skirt. I don't know if I'd call it a kilt.

My memory is hazy but in the Addam's Family movie, in the Mamooshka scene, you can see the Cossacks of the family wearing their ceremonial dress skirts, and there are one or two Scots Addam's wearing kilts. Both look rather similar.

I believe the ones I have seen were white and pleated all the way around like a faustenella.