In the school cirriculam, the battle of Culloden is not mentioned anywhere. Most Scots dont have a clue what happened at Culloden, people still labour under the misapprehension that it was an issue between England and Scotland, The conduct of the duke of Cumberland was nothing less than a war crime however it was desperate measures for desperate times, we have to be careful about applying 21st century values to 18th century situations. certainly it lead to the wipeing out of Highland culture, and the general persecution of Highland folk. Im not sure CES could only speak itailian, id be interested to know how he communiciated once he got here if that was the case, He must have had some kind of charisma, and the highland chiefs must have thought the there was something in it for them, despite his blunders, had he had the support of the Frence and not falled victim to duff intelegance he would have scored a comprehensive victory over the Brithish, However my own opinion is that the Frence would soon have turned the tables on CES. how this would have affected history ive no idea, the victoian era may never have happened, the Raj, the British empire, how WW1 or WW2 may have turned out Hitler occupied France with ease, would a Frence ruled Britain simply have rolled over? how would the american wars of independance have turned out against Frence-British forces, would they have happened at all? did france not side with George Washington? without the war would Washington been such an iconic figure in History? Culloden and CES were so pivotal to todays History.