Commonwealth of Nations

[Nathan]

Many Commonwealth countries have a system of government called Constitutional Monarchy and are governed by the Westminster Parliamentary system. The Commonwealth is a group of Countries that share a Monarch and who are tied together by their shared history as former subjects of the British Empire.

Aside from the fact that many residents of commonwealth countries feel a loyalty to the sovereign, there are also more practical considerations for the continued association.

In a Westminster Constitutional Monarchy, the Monarch is the symbolic head of state and represents the executive branch of Government.

While in practice, the executive power is weilded by the Prime Minister, s/he is actually part of the legislative branch of government being the leader of the party with the most MPs (Members of Parliament) elected to sit in a Parliament.

In Canada, the Queen is represented by a Vice-Roy in the form of The Governor General of Canada. The Vice Roy signs bills into law on behalf of the Queen, reads the Speech from the Throne prior to a budget etc...

The Commonwealth participates in summits and events such as the Commonwealth Games, and while it has traditionally been a vehicle for trade and preferred status for immigration, in recent years, the associations have become more symbolic.

That said, the courts of Commonwealth jurisdictions that use common law have been known to refer to legal precedent from other commonwealth jurisdictions in the absence of a domestic legal precedent. This common law is often admissible but it typically does not hold the same weight as a domestic precedent.

If a country wanted to cut ties with the commonwealth, it would involve replacing the Head of State with some form of elected president. This would mean an overhaul from a parliamentary system to a republican one. Many commonwealth residents feel that aside from nationalist sentiment, there is little reason to believe that a country would be better governed by such a move but that opening up such a "can of worms" would be divisive and ultimately quite expensive.

Incidentally, you refer to HRM Queen Elizabeth II as the "Queen of England". This is just one of her titles. When in Canada, she is referred to as the "Queen of Canada". She is also the Queen of Scotland, the Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The Queen of New Zealand, The Queen of Australia, the Queen of Bermuda etc...

Does this answer your question?

[chewse]

Many Commonwealth countries have a system of government called Constitutional Monarchy and are governed by the Westminster Parliamentary system. The Commonwealth is a group of Countries that share a Monarch and who are tied together by their shared history as former subjects of the British Empire.

Aside from the fact that many residents of commonwealth countries feel a loyalty to the sovereign, there are also more practical considerations for the continued association.

In a Westminster Constitutional Monarchy, the Monarch is the symbolic head of state and represents the executive branch of Government.

While in practice, the executive power is weilded by the Prime Minister, s/he is actually part of the legislative branch of government being the leader of the party with the most MPs elected tosit in a Parliament.

In Canada, the Queen is represented by a Vice-Roy in the form of The Governor General of Canada. The Vice Roy signs bills into law on behalf of the queen, reads the Speech from the Throne prior to a budget etc...

The Commonwealth participates in summits and events such as the Commonwealth games, and while it has traditionally been a vehicle for trade and preferred status for immigration, in recent years, the associations have become more symbolic.

That said, the courts of Commonwealth jurisdictions that use common law have been known to refer to legal precedent from other commonwealth jurisdictions in the absence of a domestic legal precedent. This common law is often admissible but it typically does not hold the same weight as a domestic precedent.

If a country wanted to cut ties with the commonwealth, it would involve replacing the head of state with some form of elected president. This would mean an overhaul from a parliamentary system to a republican one. Many commonwealth residents feel that aside from nationalist sentiment, there is little reason to believe that a country would be better governed by such a move but that opening up such a "can of worms" would be divisive and ultimately quite expensive.

Incidentally, you refer to HRM Queen Elizabeth II as the "Queen of England". This is just one of her titles. When in Canada, she is referred to as the "Queen of Canada". She is also the Queen of Scotland, the Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The Queen of New Zealand, The Queen of Australia, the Queen of Bermuda etc...

Does this answer your question?

Wow! Great info. I had no idea...thanks.

[Carlo]

Incidentally, you refer to HRM Queen Elizabeth II as the "Queen of England". This is just one of her titles. When in Canada, she is referred to as the "Queen of Canada". She is also the Queen of Scotland, the Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The Queen of New Zealand, The Queen of Australia, the Queen of Bermuda etc...

I'm not 100% sure but I think her title is Queen of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland... And as far as I know the title Queen of Scotland is not used but Queen of Scots and even that is not official.

[Nathan]

I'm not 100% sure but I think her title is Queen of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland... And as far as I know the title Queen of Scotland is not used but Queen of Scots and even that is not official.

I'm sure some of our British friends can pipe up here, but the official name of the country is, "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".

I don't know if in practice she is ever officially referred to as the "Queen of Scotland" (I've only heard "Queen of Scots" used to refer to Mary, Queen of Scots - but it occurs to me that if she can be called the "Queen of England" she can be called the "Queen of Scotland" or the "Queen of Wales" etc..

Prince Charles holds the title Duke of Rothsay which is the traditional title for the future King of Scotland.

According to wikipedia she "is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states, known as the Commonwealth realms, and their territories and dependencies, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations."

So her list of titles is as long as your arm. My point is, "Queen of England" just doesn't capture it.

[TheOfficialBren]

How does the parliamentary system differ from a republican system?
Side bar question: are there nobles in the Commonwealth countries (similar to the UK), i.e. Lords, dukes, knights, barons, baronets, etc?

[Nathan]

How does the parliamentary system differ from a republican system?
Side bar question: are there nobles in the Commonwealth countries (similar to the UK), i.e. Lords, dukes, knights, barons, baronets, etc?

This website is very instructive:

http://www.royal.gov.uk/monarchandco...da/canada.aspx

Not all commonwealth contries are the same. They have their own parliaments and they have negotiated their relationship to the Monarch in different ways.

Canadians used to recieve British knighthoods and lordships but due to our liberal belief that all people are created equal under the law, Canadians are no longer legally entitled to accept hereditary British Peerage titles and remain Canadian Citizens. Lord Conrad Black famously relinquished his Canadian citizenship to accept Her Majesty's lordship.

Instead, Canadians of such merit are inducted into the Order of Canada, a three leveled program that is similar to modern knighthood but does not confer the title "Sir" etc...

I can't speak for other commonwealth nations and realms regarding peerage.

in a Parliamentary system, the leader of the party with the most seats effectively weilds executive power (power to declare war etc...). In a republican system the President is elected outside of the legislature. There is often conflict betwen the executive branch and legislative branch in republican systems.

In a Parlimentary System, the Prime Minister is like combination of the President and the House Majority Leader in the USA.

There is often a non-elected upper house in Parliamentary systems but this is not universal. Some have no upper house and others elect their upper chamber. In the UK the upper house is called the House of Lords and membership can be hereditary.

In Canada, the Prime Minister appoints Senators to sit in the Canadian Senate.

In Canada, the elected Parliament (the House of Commons) is supreme and the upper house is a chamber for sober second thought.

[TheOfficialBren]

Oh, I see. Thank you, Nathan. That was very informative and interesting.

[McClef]

Interestingly countries which were never part of the Empire have joined the Commonwealth such as Mozambique and Rwanda and the new country of South Sudan has applied to join.

[TheOfficialBren]

That is interesting. What are the qualifications for a country to join the Commonwealth if there is no historical precedent?

[Silk]

I have to say that, as a new user, even though I was lurking and reading some of the other interesting posts on this site, this one made me register so I could comment. lol Ironically, I had just 2 or 3 days ago been posting facts about the Commonwealth to one of my Facebook pages.... reading and researching and writing out facts to regale my friends with (all of whom were totally uninterested! lol) All my time and no one there so much as liked or made a single comment so I thought I would like to at least comment here where people are interested in the subject!

So I just wanted to post a bit of what I learned so far:

Firstly, there are 54 member countries/states/territories at this time. The chart below shows each of these along with the year they became a member of the Commonwealth and their status as a Realm, Monarchy or Republic. Please note that the Commonwealth dates to 1931 and therefore those members who joined in 1931 are considered the senior or founding members of the Commonwealth (along with the United Kingdom who is at its centre of course.)




For every country listed as a "Realm"... The Queen is the official (symbolic) Head of State and the Queen of that country. Again, this is for symbolic purposes to honour history/tradition and her political role is completely under the direction/authority of that country's government. She is also not considered "foreign" in any of these countries just to state that as I have often seen comments made (not here but elsewhere) where she is called a "foreign monarch" (which she is not.) Ex. Canada, Australia, etc.

For every "Monarchy" listed.... that country has established its own monarchy and does not have the Queen as their monarch nor Head of State but does acknowledge the Queen as the Head of the Commonwealth (ex. Swaziland)

For every "Republic" listed... that country neither has the Queen as their monarch nor Head of State and has not chosen their own monarch either. They do, however, accept the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth. (Ex. This applies to a lot of the member countries from Africa.)

I research my information primarily from the monarchy's website and also an official Commonwealth website and I have more to share if there is any interest!