London, in 1890, had approximately 300,000 "working" horses on the streets (10,000+ drawing trams); with each horse dropping between 15 and 35 pounds of manure daily -- roughly 7.5 million pounds -- the streets were something of a mess. Gentlemen would "turn up" their cuffs when traversing the streets on foot, and every doorway was graced with a cast iron "boot scrape"-- often with built in brushes on the sides-- to clean muck off boots.